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International Study
Men Die Younger Due to Systematic Male Dominance -
Patriarchy
Female murder rates account for 48.8% of the
variation in death rates among men
Sept. 15,2005 - Systematic male dominance -
patriarchy - explains half the discrepancy in life expectancy between
the sexes, suggests research spanning four continents in the Journal of
Epidemiology and Community Health.
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In developed countries, men have a higher mortality
rate than women at all ages and on average they die nearly seven years
earlier than women. Male mortality rates are higher across a number of
different causes of mortality, such as coronary heart disease, lung
cancer, suicide, liver cirrhosis, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Increasingly, these differences are being attributed to variation in the
behavior of men and women, says the report.
This in turn has led to the suggestion that
patriarchy itself, through the sex roles and patterns of behavior to
which it gives rise, may be bad for mens health and lead to their
higher mortality.
The researchers base their findings on a comparison
of the rates of female murders and male death rates from all causes in
51 countries across Europe, Australasia, Asia, North and South America.
Rates of violence against women are used to
indicate the extent of societal male dominance over women, otherwise
known as patriarchy.
The wealth of a country, as indicated by the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) per head of the population, was also taken into
consideration, as socioeconomic factors are strongly linked to health.
The results showed that women lived longer than men
in every single country included in the study, with murder rates among
both sexes and GDP strongly linked to death rates in men.
GDP accounted for 13.6% of the variation in death
rates among men. But this was nowhere near as high as the female murder
rates, which accounted for 48.8% of the variation in death rates among
men. Male murder rates accounted for just 3.5%.
The higher the rates of female murders, and
therefore, the greater the levels of patriarchy, the higher were the
death rates among men and therefore the shorter their life expectancy,
the figures showed.
Our data suggest that oppression and exploitation
harm the oppressors as well as those they oppress, conclude the
authors, adding that the higher death rate among men, and hence their
shorter life expectancy, is a preventable social condition, which can
potentially be tackled through global social policy.
They cite the way that children and young people
are currently socialized into patriarchal gender roles, such as those
emphasizing excessive risk taking, aggression, and the suppression of
emotions by boys and young men, as examples that need to be tackled.
Click here to view the paper in full:
http://press.psprings.co.uk/jech/october/873_ch30387.pdf
Journal web site:
http://jech.bmjjournals.com/
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