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Senior Citizen Health & Medicine
Cancer Death Risk Continues to Decline Says New
Report
Study of 1975-2003 finds the rate of new
cancers remains stable
September 7, 2006 - A new report from the nation's
leading cancer organizations finds that Americans' risk of dying from
cancer continues to drop, while the rate of new cancers remains stable.
Certain cancers are increasing - lung cancer rates are up slightly in
women; prostate cancer rates have climbed in men. There is good news,
too, like cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates decreased for
all race/ethnic groups since 1975, and breast cancer stabilized from
2001 through 2003.
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Health & Medicine |
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The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American
Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide
U.S. cancer information, this year featuring the first comprehensive
compilation of cancer information for U.S. Latinos.
The special section shows that Latinos in the
United States are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to develop cancer
overall, but are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced cancers.
The long-term trend in overall cancer death rates,
declining since the early 1990s, continued through 2003 for all races
and both sexes combined. However, female lung cancer incidence rates
increased from 1975 to 2003, decelerating since 1991 and breast cancer
incidence rates stabilized from 2001 to 2003.
Latinos had lower incidence rates in 1999-2003 for
most cancers, but higher rates for stomach, liver, cervix, and myeloma
(females) than did non-Latino white populations. Latino children have
higher incidence of leukemia, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and
germ-cell tumors than do non-Latino white children. For several common
cancers, Latinos were less likely than non-Latinos to be diagnosed at
localized stages.
Site-Specific Rates by Age
The median age at any cancer diagnosis was the
youngest among Latinos at 62 years; while the median age of Non-Hispanic
Black patients was 64 years and Non-Hispanic White cases, 68 years,
reflecting differences in the age structures of the 3 populations and
the specific cancer mix. For female breast, prostate, colon and rectum,
lung, and cervical cancer, the Latino cancer incidence rates were the
lowest, even within age categories (i.e., 20-39, 40-49, 50-64, 65-74,
75+ years), among the 3 race/ethnic groups, with the exception of
cervical cancer in Latinas younger than 65 years (highest rates among
all 3 groups) and prostate cancer in Latino men, aged 75 years and older
(higher than NHW, but not NHB, men). (A data table is available at:
www.seer.gov/report_to_nation/1975_2003/).
Study Highlights
Incidence of Cancer in Men
● Among men, the top 3 incident cancers from 1999
through 2003 continued to be cancers of the prostate, lung, and colon
and rectum in all race/ethnic populations.
● Bladder cancer and NHL were the fourth and fifth
most common cancers in most race/ethnic populations, with the exception
of black and API men.
● Cancers of the kidney and bladder were the fourth
and fifth most common sites in black men, and in API men, they were
cancers of the liver and stomach.
● Incidence rates declined from 1995 through 2003
for cancers of the lung, stomach, oral cavity, and larynx and increased
for thyroid cancer in all race/ethnic populations examined.
● Incidence rates of kidney and liver cancers
increased in all race/ethnic populations except API.
● Colon and rectum cancer incidence rates declined
in white and non-Hispanic (all races) men, but not in others.
● NHL incidence rates declined in all race/ethnic
populations, except non-Hispanic and API.
● Incidence rates were stable for cancers of the
prostate and bladder in all race/ethnic populations.
● Three of the top 15 common cancers had different
1995-2003 trends among the race/ethnic groups.
Pancreatic cancer incidence rates increased in white and
non-Hispanic men, but decreased in black men; esophageal cancer
incidence rates decreased in Latino (all races), black, and API, but
increased in white and non-Hispanic, men. Melanoma increased in
non-Hispanic and white men, but decreased in black men.
|
Age-adjusted
Incidence Ratesa for the Top 15 Cancer Sitesb
for each Sex by Race/Ethnicity in the Selected Areasc
in the United States, 1999-2003 |
|
Sex/cancer site |
Hispanicd |
Non-Hispanic |
|
White
|
Black
|
|
Rank |
Rate |
Rank |
Rate |
Rank |
Rate |
|
Male |
|
All Sites |
|
444.1 |
|
565.6 |
|
650.2 |
|
Prostate |
1 |
141.1 |
1 |
157.9 |
1 |
246.7 |
|
Lung and
Bronchus |
2 |
52.7 |
2 |
91.7 |
2 |
112.8 |
|
Colon and
Rectum |
3 |
52.4 |
3 |
64.6 |
3 |
71.3 |
|
Urinary
Bladder |
4 |
22.2 |
4 |
41.8 |
5 |
18.5 |
|
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
5 |
19.8 |
6 |
23.4 |
8 |
16.9 |
|
Kidney and
Renal Pelvis |
6 |
16.9 |
7 |
18.1 |
4 |
18.9 |
|
Stomach |
7 |
16.1 |
11 |
9.2 |
7 |
17.6 |
|
Liver and
Intrahepatic Bile Duct |
8 |
14.8 |
16 |
6.5 |
14 |
11.2 |
|
Leukemia |
9 |
12.2 |
8 |
16.6 |
13 |
12.1 |
|
Oral
Cavity and Pharynx |
10 |
11.4 |
9 |
16.4 |
6 |
18.3 |
|
Pancreas |
11 |
11.1 |
10 |
12.7 |
9 |
16.1 |
|
Larynx |
12 |
6.8 |
14 |
7.4 |
12 |
12.1 |
|
Myeloma |
13 |
6.5 |
17 |
6.3 |
10 |
12.8 |
|
Brain and
Other Nervous System |
14 |
6.2 |
12 |
8.7 |
15 |
4.8 |
|
Esophagus |
15 |
5.7 |
13 |
8.7 |
11 |
12.3 |
|
Melanoma
of the Skin |
16 |
4.6 |
5 |
24.4 |
24 |
1.1 |
|
Testis |
17 |
3.6 |
15 |
6.5 |
23 |
1.3 |
|
Female |
|
All Sites |
|
327.2 |
|
430.2 |
|
389.9 |
|
Breast |
1 |
92.6 |
1 |
134.4 |
1 |
113.4 |
|
Colon and
Rectum |
2 |
37.3 |
3 |
46.5 |
2 |
54.3 |
|
Lung and
Bronchus |
3 |
26.7 |
2 |
58.7 |
3 |
51.3 |
|
Corpus and
Uterus, NOS |
4 |
18.7 |
4 |
25.0 |
4 |
19.9 |
|
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
5 |
14.7 |
5 |
16.7 |
7 |
11.2 |
|
Cervix
Uteri |
6 |
14.7 |
13 |
7.9 |
6 |
13.2 |
|
Ovary |
7 |
11.4 |
7 |
14.6 |
8 |
10.2 |
|
Thyroid |
8 |
11.2 |
8 |
12.3 |
13 |
7.3 |
|
Kidney and
Renal Pelvis |
9 |
9.4 |
12 |
9.2 |
9 |
9.6 |
|
Pancreas |
10 |
9.4 |
11 |
9.6 |
5 |
13.4 |
|
Stomach |
11 |
9.1 |
16 |
4.0 |
11 |
9.1 |
|
Leukemia |
12 |
8.4 |
10 |
9.8 |
12 |
7.8 |
|
Urinary
Bladder |
13 |
5.9 |
9 |
10.6 |
14 |
6.9 |
|
Liver and
Intrahepatic Bile Duct |
14 |
5.8 |
21 |
2.5 |
16 |
3.7 |
|
Brain and
Other Nervous System |
15 |
5.0 |
15 |
6.2 |
18 |
3.6 |
|
Myeloma |
16 |
4.9 |
17 |
4.0 |
10 |
9.4 |
|
Oral
Cavity and Pharynx |
17 |
4.2 |
14 |
6.4 |
15 |
5.8 |
|
Melanoma
of the Skin |
18 |
4.1 |
6 |
16.2 |
28 |
0.9 |
|
Source: SEER and NPCR areas
reported by the North American Association of Central Cancer
Registries as meeting high quality standards for 1999-2003.
a Rates are per 100,000 and age-adjusted to the
2000 US Std Population (19 age groups - Census P25-1130) and
confidence intervals (CI) are 95% for rate ratios (RR); c.f. =
compared with.
b 15 most common cancer in Hispanic males and
females.
c The data from 38 cancer registries [Alabama,
Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District Of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, West
Virginia, Wisconsin] were included covering 82% of U.S., 90% of
the Hispanic, 81% of NHW and 79% of NHB populations.
d NHIA derived Hispanic origin.
e Rate ratio (RR) is statistically significant (P
< 0.05). |
● Prostate cancer incidence increased from 1995
through 2003.
● Incidence rates for myeloma and leukemia, and
cancers of the liver and intrahepatic bile duct (liver), kidney and
renal pelvis (kidney), and esophagus have been increasing for 28 years
(from 1975 through 2003).
● Incidence rates decreased for colon and rectum
cancer during 1998-2003,
● Cancer incidence rates of the stomach and oral
cavity and pharynx (oral cavity) have decreased since 1975 and those of
lung and bronchus (lung) since 1982.
● Incidence rates were stable in the most recent
joinpoint segment through 2003 for the remaining top 15 cancer sites
(urinary bladder [bladder], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL], melanoma of the
skin [melanoma], and cancers of the pancreas and brain and other nervous
system [brain]).
● Cancer of the larynx, in the top 15 sites for
males in previous years, was replaced by myeloma in this year's ranking.
● Thyroid cancer long-term rates increased in all
age groups in both men and women, although the most dramatic increase in
men occurred since 1996 among 60-69 year olds (age-specific and
long-term trends in males not shown).
Incidence of Cancer in Women
● Among women, cancers of the breast, colon and
rectum, lung, and uterine corpus continued to be the top 4 incident
cancers from 1999 through 2003 in all race/ethnic populations, although
the rank order of the top 3 cancers varied.
● The fifth most common cancer was NHL in women of
all races and ethnicities, except black and API women. The fifth most
common cancer was pancreas in black, and thyroid in API, women.
● Cervical cancer was the only cancer among the top
15 cancers that decreased in women of all races and ethnicities, while
cancers of the kidney and thyroid were the only cancers that increased
in all female populations.
● Lung cancer incidence rates continued to increase
from 1995 through 2003 in non-Hispanic (all races) and white women, but
not in women of other races or ethnicity.
● Incidence rates were stable for cancers of the
breast and colon and rectum in all race/ethnic populations, except colon
and rectal cancer in white women, for which the rates declined from 1995
through 2003.
● Melanoma increased in non-Hispanic, white, and
API women. Incidence rates of NHL increased in non-Hispanic and black
women, but not in others.
● Ovarian cancer incidence rates declined in women
of most races and ethnicity, except black and API women. Stomach cancer
incidence rates decreased in women of all races and ethnicities, except
Latinas.
● The fixed-interval incidence trends from 1995 to
2003 showed more sex than racial/ethnic differences. The trends in more
of the top 15 cancer sites in men were decreasing for each population
group than among the top 15 cancer sites in women.
● Rates for NHL, melanoma, leukemia, and cancers of
the lung, bladder, and kidney have been increasing for 28 years.
● Incidence rates decreased during the most recent
segment for cancers of the colon and rectum, corpus and uterus NOS
(uterine corpus), ovary, and oral cavity, while stomach and cervix uteri
(cervix) cancers have declined since 1975.
● Incidence rates for breast cancer stabilized
from 2001 through 2003, ending increases begun in the 1980s.
● Incidence rates for pancreatic cancer also
stabilized from 2000 through 2003, after decreasing for 16 years.
● Thyroid cancer incidence rates have increased
since 1981; the rate of increase doubling in 1993; and in 2000, doubling
again to 9.1% annually through 2003. The long-term rates increased in
all age groups in both men and women, although the most dramatic
increase in men occurred since 1996 among 60-69 year olds (age-specific
and long-term trends in males not shown).
Long-term Mortality Trends for
All Cancers Combined and the 15 Most Common Cancer Sites for All Races,
1975-2003
The overall cancer death rates for all race/ethnic
populations together increased from 1975 to 1990, were stable from 1990
to 1994, and decreased from 1994 through 2003. The most recent rate
declines were greater among men (1.6% per year from 1993 through 2003)
than women (0.8% per year from 1992 through 2003).
In the most recent joinpoint segment, death rates
decreased for 11 of the 15 most common cancers in men (i.e., lung,
prostate, colon and rectum, pancreas, leukemia, NHL, bladder, stomach,
brain, myeloma, and oral cavity) and for 10 of the 15 most common
cancers in women (i.e., breast, colon and rectum, NHL, leukemia, brain,
myeloma, stomach, kidney, cervix, and bladder).
Further, sustained decreases since 1975 have
occurred in men for pancreatic cancer and leukemia, and among women,
cancers of the colon and rectum, cervix, and bladder.
Death rates increased for esophageal cancer from
1975 through 2003 in men, and for liver cancer at varying rates from
1975 through 2003 in men and 1981 through 2003 in women.
Lung cancer increased from 1975 through 2003 in
women; however, the rate of increase decelerated over time.
Death rates were stable in men for kidney cancer
and melanoma (both 1991-2003), and in women, for c |
